Positive and Negative Externalities
Positive externalities occur when the actions of individuals or businesses have positive effects on others in society. These effects are not taken into account by the individuals or businesses when making their decisions. Positive externalities can lead to benefits for society as a whole, such as improved public health or increased social cohesion. On the other hand, 負の外部性 refers to negative externalities, which occur when the actions of individuals or businesses have negative effects on others in society. These negative effects are also not taken into account by the individuals or businesses when making their decisions. Negative externalities can lead to costs for society, such as pollution or congestion. Understanding and addressing both positive and negative externalities is important for policymakers and economists. By considering the impact of actions on others, policymakers can implement measures to promote positive externalities and mitigate negative externalities. This can help to create a more sustainable and equitable society.
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